Stereotypes in the film American Beauty - 2078 Words

Stereotyping In Modern Film Stereotypes are extremely prominent in modern cinema, the first example that springs to mind is that of the film American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes, in 1999. Here is a seriocomic look at suburban America, which utilizes various stereotypes in order to make a broader statement on the symptoms supposedly brought upon us by living boring suburban lives. While the stereotypes work to the filmmakers advantage in the films cutting comic stages, once the film devolves into melodrama, the stereotypes become much more apparent, changing the film from a scathing satire to a parable of sorts. The plot of the film can be summarized by saying that it concerns the character of Lester Burnham, just as he is about to†¦show more content†¦While one senses that his wife is overly materialistic, her reaction is more believable because of the fact that she is most likely shocked by his sudden display of affection, and made uncomfortable by it. The idea that the stereotypes in this film are used as shortcuts does not really work in this case because the stereotypes are so fully explained by various methods such as voice over that they are not shortcuts at all, but are in the fact the actual substance of the film. Nor are these stereotypes manifested out of the fortress of tradition. This would imply that the stereotypes of the film are used because of the conventions of the genre, and this film is anything but conventional. As a matter of fact, the film tries so hard to be original and idiosyncratic that it is clear that the last thing it intends to do is adhere to the conventions now standard in the majority of films. However, this just makes the film even more maddening because while the fact that the film is made by stunningly original auteurs is more or less stuffed down the viewers throats, one can not help but feel that they are a little too familiar with the territory that this film explores. The bored and unhappy American family has been written about for ages and ages before 1999, the year this film was released. Another thing one must examine when discussing the purpose of stereotypes in film is their sociological value versus their aesthetic value. The sociological value, meaning theShow MoreRelatedSociety Vs Beauty : A Girl Like Me, The Director Of The Film986 Words   |  4 PagesSociety vs Beauty Many of us are faced with the idea that we will never be able to live up to society s expectations. That no matter what we do as human beings, nothing will ever be perfect to society. In the short documentary film â€Å"A Girl Like Me,† the director of the film examines the importance of color of skin, hair and facial features for young African American women. The director s purpose was to empower the women and let them know they can overcome these false stereotypes. The film startsRead MoreDo Animated Disney Characters Portray And Promote The Beauty Goodness Stereotype Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Do Animated Disney Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty Goodness Stereotype† (Bazzini et al,. 2010). Introduction The following essay will critically discuss the proposed journal article â€Å"Do Animated Disney Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty Goodness Stereotype† (Bazzini et al., 2010). This research study aimed to look if Disney films can influence young children’s judgement of their peers. An abstract should contain a summary of the journal article (Bryman, 2004). The introductionRead More Stereotypes in the American Media Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesStereotypes in the American Media Propaganda is an effective device that is used to influence and manipulate human behavior by appealing to emotions. When propaganda is combined with stereotypes, it usually produces negative results. A simplified view of a group of people, spread by mass communication can cause people to be more narrow-minded and can alter their perspective. Living in the Information Age, people are exposed to a constant stream of ideas and images. These ideas can reflect theRead MoreKing Kong: A Cultural Snapshot949 Words   |  4 Pagesview the novel and film as representation of the early 30s and thus a resource to understand the cultural context of the times. In particular, King Kong provides a window through which a modern audience can understand and interpret racism of the 1930s. The main stereotypes presented in the story, King Kong, were those of African Americans. A main message conveyed was the hyper-sexuality of African Americans, with the message revolving around the stereotype that African American males have an exaggeratedRead MoreCritical Thinking Of The Grand Budapest Hotel1102 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Tumminello The Art of Theatrical Cinema March 12, 2016 Critical thinking of The Grand Budapest Hotel and American Beauty The Grand Budapest Hotel is one of the most spectacular films of the 21st century. The movie is interesting and beautifully shot comedy directed by Wes Anderson. The Grand Budapest Hotel consists of a prologue, five parts, and an epilogue. The film features many successful actors, but the main story revolves around an interesting narration of Zero Moustafa (playedRead MoreGender Roles Of Disney Films1598 Words   |  7 Pagesafter fairytale. Most Americans grew up with Disney and have a strong connection with the brand. Yet, there is a lot more to a classic Disney film, then what the average American sees the first time viewing. Gender roles, also known as gender stereotypes, are things to be considered appropriate to certain men or women and we are constantly surrounded by them without even realizing it. Cultural gender roles in America have changed over time, from when Disney animated films were first released.Read More Teaching Children How to Discriminate Essay673 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscrimination and stereotypes toward different race, ethnicity, gender, religion, nationality and region that Disney presents in their animated films. Lippi-Green also points out the use or misuse of foreign accents in films, television and the entertainment industry as a whole. Such animated films are viewed mainly by children. Lippi-Green makes a central argument in which she says that children are taught to discriminate through the portrayal of the different accented characters in Disney films. Read MoreThe Walt Disney Corporation1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Walt Disney Corporation is a well-known entertainment industry that has been around since 1923. Disney has always been geared towards the production of popular culture for children and youth. Mà ¼ller-Hartmann suggests that â€Å"the animated films with their cute animations and music are especially important†¦since they speak directly to the emotions and thus, the sub-conscious. [Animation] works its audience magic purely on a purely subconscious level† (401). According to Towbin et al., â€Å"children’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Reel Injun774 Words   |  4 Pagessubject of Native American characters comes up in conversation, most picture Tonto from the film The Lone Ranger. However, many don’t realize how the film industry has created a stereotype that has affected generations of Native Americans. From mascots to logos of tobacco and other products, the early westerns have help mold minds into placing Native Americans into something they are not. The documentary Reel Injun help shed light on the subject as well as raise awareness to how these films have not onlyRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzing multiple films such as Whiplash, Birdman, American Sniper, Snow White and the Huntsman, Project X and 21 Jump Street, Resident Evil, Underworld it was evident that women were negatively portrayed in films. Examples of such negative roles are that women are hypersexualized, cast in stereotypical roles and are considered less valuable because of age. Even though more films are casting older women, creating less stereotypical and sexually objective roles, the majority of films still capture women

Effective Communication And Constructive Feedback For...

Conflict is inevitable in the workplace. Where there are people, there will be conflict. Nurses work in highly stressful and demanding environments which is why it is important that student nurses learn to adopt techniques and skills that will assist them in managing conflict. Assertive communication and constructive feedback are strategies that can assist in managing conflict. It is important that student nurses be taught strategies on how to cope with conflict as poorly managed conflict can result in verbal abuse, medical errors and poor patient outcomes. In this scenario, a student nurse is incorrectly applying a dressing to the patient when she is approached by the frustrated buddy nurse. The buddy registered nurse does not act†¦show more content†¦935). Ineffective interpersonal skills are clearly present in scenario three. Causes of ineffective interpersonal communication can be chaos, confusion, fear, stress, conflict and inefficient systems (Vertino, 2014). The non-verbal communication techniques used by the registered nurse reflect chaos, stress and conflict and is an unacceptable way to treat a student nurse, especially in front of a patient. Johansen and Cadmus (2016, p. 211) found that the stressful and demanding environment that nurses work in can impact the nurses work stress levels and how they deal with conflict. It is evident that the registered nurse was frustrated in the scenario by her use of non-verbal communication such as tone of voice, volume, body language and facial expressions. Working as a buddy registered nurse whilst providing therapeutic care to multiple patients can be stressful and time-consuming at times. It is important that nurses still consider their actions whilst working in a stressful and sometimes chaotic environment. In this scenario, the registered nurse did not manage her anger well and stormed into the hospital room whilst speaking loudly and fast-paced to the student in front of the patient. The proximity between the nurse and student and the nurse’s use of sharp and fast hand movements demonstrated annoyance and threat. This indicates that the registered nurse approached the situation by using the dominating conflict managementShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is The Process Of Acting On Information872 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is the process of acting on information (Beebe et al, 2011). It is a two way process, but the way the receiver perceives the message could be different (Seller, 2010). Therefore, the way we interpret message depends on our values, beliefs and attitudes (Beebe et al, 20011). Moreover, â€Å"the better we understand our own behavior and values, the more consistent we will be in our interpersonal and supervisory relationships† ( Forkosh, 2009). The lectures and seminars gives theRead MoreDeveloping Capacity Of Employees : An Effective Performance Management System Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesviews and a sense of connectivity. Ultimately it creates an atmosphere of trust and drives strong employment engagement. Induction, goal setting, on-going dialogue about LD, positive, constructive and two-way feedback are highly beneficial in motivating employees to do their best and go the extra mile. An effective performance management system (PMS) delivers the priorities of the business, aligns individual and strategic business objectives and ensures employees understand their role and contributionRead MoreConflict Resolution Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesConflict Resolution The nature of a work team makes them vulnerable to conflicts and disagreements. Because people carry the weight of personal values, experiences and beliefs into the work team, there is always the possibility that conflict will arise. That is why recognizing the signs and source of conflict will help understand the role of conflict in the work team. Here is list of signs of conflicts that the work team should be aware of: 1. Anger, irritability, sarcasm 2. Without holdingRead MoreKurt Lewin s Leadership Styles1526 Words   |  7 PagesAuthoritarian leaders, also referred to as autocratic leaders, take complete authority when making decisions. Punishment, threats, demands, rules, and procedures are tactics authoritarian leaders use to gain control. Authoritarian leadership involves managing the completion of a task within the given deadline. Employees will be subject to inspections and scrutiny under this type of leadership system. Authoritarian leadership is appropriate for specific settings. This style is better if used in a highRead MoreSelf Reflection1245 Words   |  5 Pagespeople see us and how we communicate with others is what enables us to authentically form relationships. Interpersonal communication is a â€Å"distinctive transactional form of human communication involving mutual influence, usually for the purpose of managing relationships† (Beebe, Beebe, Redmond, Geerinck, Wiseman-Salem, 2015). By exploring the strengths and weaknesses of my communication skills, it will enable me to learn more about myself which in turn can positively influence my relationships in bothRead Morelevel 3 supporting teaching learning Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom own practise of supporting children and young people to asses and manage risk. Assignment 4 Task 1: describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. Task 4: demonstrate the ability to reflect on practise. Task 7: demonstrate use of feedback to evaluate own performance and inform development. Task 9: demonstrate how to work with others to review and prioritise own learning. needs, professional interests and development opportunities. Task 10: demonstrate how to work others to agreeRead MoreLack Of Strong Communication Skills1533 Words   |  7 Pages Strong communication skills are necessary in order to coordinate daily operations which may require multiple people participating in the care of a patient. Evidence has shown that a lack of strong communication has led to negative patient outcomes and financial losses for the institution. Effective communication will help deliver the plan and staff members will know exactly what is expected off them versus trying to figure it out on their own. Good communication will also help to prevent errorsRead MoreThe Right Job1332 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, leader of that organization, as well as my personal and professional values. There are things that interest me in the world of work. I do enjoy adventurous and risk taking activities and my interests lie in finance, being creative, managing, organizing and getting results through others. Also, I am driven for recognition at work, the need for responsibility, having control over my own work and being accountable for my actions. I love variety and change in my work and I am not motivatedRead MoreHow Organizational Behavior Will Make Me an Effective Manager.1043 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many models and concepts explained in Organizational Behavior that will influence my actions to become an effective manager. In regards to my own characteristics, I am very adaptable to work situations and I like to brainstorm various solutions to the problem. This is related to the contingency approach in which a person uses management tools and techniques in a situational appropriate manner. When a problem arises, it is vital that a manager should analyze multiple soluti ons and look atRead MoreSome Discussion Topics960 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion Board 5: Conflict as a Process: Conflict can be described as a process that begins when an individual perceives that another person is about to or has negatively affected something that is important to him/her. Therefore, the conflict process consists of various stages with the first one being the existence of situations that create enable conflict to arise. The other stages in this process are cognition and personalization, aims, behavior, and results. Group Think and Cohesiveness:

Plot Analysis Free Essays

In her ground-breaking play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun,† Lorraine Hansberry challenged widespread cultural conceptions about African Americans. By focusing her play on stark realism, Hansberry was able to create a play which, in both theme   and technical execution, offered something radically different than the portrayal of American life typically seen on Broadway stages in the mid twentieth century. The impact of the play, both visually and   textually, on American audiences was visceral and controversial. We will write a custom essay sample on Plot Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hansberry relied on depicting vastly disparate emotional states and conditions for her characters, as well as enticing her audience to experience the world of her characters with as much empathy as possible. The play’s opening, for example, establishes that the Younger family is waiting for a ten-thousand dollar insurance check to arrive after the death of the family’s father. The fact that the family is so steeped in poverty that each of them concocts elaborate schemes and ideas of how to spend the money before it even arrives, grips the reader or alert audience member with emotion and concern.   The â€Å"intrusion† of the expected money also begins the tension in the play and drives the conflicts between the play’s characters., most notably between Mama and Walter Lee. In order to engage the audience, and to cause them to identify with the Youngers, Hansberry uses the device of realism, which includes the construction of a one-room apartment set, complete with all the trappings of poverty: cramped quarters, worn furniture and carpets, and a conspicuous lack of privacy. Before the audience has even begun to grasp the events of the   play, they are immediately aware of the family’s dire financial situation. The shock of the set at a purely visual and spatial level communicates the Youngers’ distress to the audience.   Teh ensuing emotional tension between Mama and her son is meant to show that the external attributes of poverty have corresponding emotional and psychological impacts and have extended to the relationships between the characters. By the end of the opening scene, the reader or audience member knows that great hope and expectation has been pinned by the family on the insurance money and many readers or spectators of the play would probably intuit that the family’s emotional crisis goes far beyond anything which can be repaired with money. The idea is to advance the plot in a realistic manner so that the audience or reader not only experiences the events of the play but feels the emotional resonance which is intended to be a part of the event which are portrayed.   In order to accomplish this, every aspect of the play, not only the plot, are steeped in realism. One element of dramatic technique that enables Hansberry to successfully create a dynamic and realistic drama is her use of vernacular in the play’s dialogue. Unlike the blank-verse constructions of Shakespeare, or the witticism of Oscar Wilde, or even the dreamy musings of Tennessee Williams, Hansberry delivers the dialogue of â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† in colloquial language and this aspect of them play enhances the play’s verisimilitude. The realism of the play then causes the audience to more closely identify with the play’s characters and plot, and each of these aspects of the play helps to communicate the important sociological and racial themes that drive â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun.† This attention to realism and detail is important to the play’s plot, also, because as the vents of the play unfold, the reader is drawn more deeply into an emotional connection with the characters because the characters seem for all intents and purposes to be actual people who face actual, real-life struggles. As the plot progresses, the insurance check actually arrives and in their haste to be a controlling interest in the spending of the money, each of the Youngers manages to ignore the others emotional needs in pursuit of personal materialistic dreams. When Mama decides to use the money to move the family to a white neighborhood, a further sense of doom pervades th action as the Youngers fall further into emotional discord. Throughout the progression of the plot, the play’s dialogue leaves an opening for the emotional outpouring which is markedly absent from the (seemingly banal) progression of events. Hansberry’s dialogue, in fact, becomes a key driving force of the play’s ultimate revelatory impact on the audience. As the play progresses and the characters become more clearly defined with motivations that the audience can identify with (or despise)   the dialect of the play begins to attain a lyrical uniqueness — a vocal music which was unlike any other play on the Broadway stage of the time. Lines such as â€Å"Seem like God didn’t see fit to give the black man nothing but dreams†¦.’† (29) or â€Å"â€Å"There is always something left to love. And if you ain’t learned that, you ain’t learned nothing†¦.†(135) attain the status of aphorism in the context of the play and divulge important social and racial realities that, for most Americans in the mid-twentieth century, existed, if at all, as merely si-debar newspaper articles or in some other abstract realization. Hansberry’s play, through its fierce and relentless realism, coupled with its themes of yearning and dreaming seemed to marry the â€Å"American ideal† to the â€Å"American nightmare† in a verbally original and thematically cathartic fashion, elevating the dialogue of racial issues in America to a place of cultural acceptance. Simultaneously, the play’s plot moves in an arc of excited expectation to dissolution of dreams while expressing the internal progressions of the characters with a portrayal of external events. When Mrs. Johnson tells the Youngers about a black family that was bombed because they moved into a white neighborhood, the audience feels the dream of Mama’s to live in a better neighborhood deflating. The audience realizes that money, alone, despite the naivete with which the Youngers regard its power, will do little, perhaps nothing, to change the misery of their lives. The Youngers have regarded money and the future hope of what it may bring with a sort of â€Å"exotic† hopefulness which, in its perceived futility during the vents of the play, should cause emotional frustration and dissonance in the reader and in the the audience. This dissonance reflects the same dissonance which exists between the Younger’s dreams and their actual position in the world. By combining a realistic set with realistic dialogue, a kind of exoticism was reached by Hansberry, through the depiction of extreme poverty and want, which is a powerful force in granting the play unity of theme, place, and time in keeping with Aristotle’s theories of dramatic construction in his Poetics. This latter attribute helps ground the play in the traditional dramatic structure which off-sets the aforementioned â€Å"exoticism† of the play’s set and characters. Despite the reluctance for most Americans in the late 50’s and early 60’s to face the racially based challenges of that era, â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† demonstrated, through creative expression, the urgency of the plight of African Americans in a racist society. The play’s climax, when it is decided that — despite the conflicts and hardships that the money has caused —   that Mama’s plan to move to a new neighborhood will go through, exerts a sense of hopefulness in the face of manifested obstacles (and potential violence) which seems to suggest that optimism, ambition, and â€Å"togetherness† can weather storms and find fulfillment despite the truth of prejudice and poverty. However, a close reading of the play is just as likely to reveal in the reader, a sense that the Youngers are simply caught in a vicious cycle of hope and despair and that with each new breath of hope a corresponding crush of bad luck or ill-fortune will be experienced.   It is not fitting to say that the play, therefore, has a â€Å"happy† ending, but simply an ending which reflects an unending cycle of hope against an equally unending series of obstacles. Work Cited   Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Random House, New York. 1959 How to cite Plot Analysis, Papers

Collecting Nuts free essay sample

I watched my tiny Filipino grandmother light her unfiltered Camel cigarette then proceed to smoke it backward, with the lit end in her mouth. I know very little about her. We are separated by 5,000 miles, and there is a language barrier; I wish I could speak her dialect, Ilocano. At the tender age of 75, she still picks macadamia nuts in Hawaii. It is hard work. The nuts are gathered from the ground after they fall. To collect them, workers have perfected a squatting walk, which would be hard enough without the Hawaiian sun. I asked my mom why my grandmother works even though she does not need the money. She explained that my grandmother enjoys the routine and accomplishing something. With the money she saves from working, my grandmother stocks up on supplies to bring to her village in the Philippines that has no electricity or running water. The people are thrilled to receive even the most basic American goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Collecting Nuts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The children love toys from McDonald’s, and the favorite gifts for adults are towels. My grandma usually gives away her own clothes, leaving Hawaii with many suitcases and boxes and returning with only the clothes on her back. Most of what I know about my grandmother is from stories my mom has told me. Even so, I think we’re very alike. Though I’ve never endured an eight-hour workday picking nuts, I have spent hot days balanced on a ladder building a roof for a West Virginian family. When we finished this task, I felt the same sense of accomplishment my grandmother has after she gathers her quota of nuts. Volunteering helped me realize the importance of her generosity. She proves that one person can have an enormous impact on the world. Even though she’s small in stature, she’s big in heart, bringing happiness and hope to an entire village. Following my grandmother’s lead, I believe that my life will mean more if I develop skills to produce more than I consume, leave the world a better place, and stay focused on the words â€Å"The most important things in life are invisible.† Whether that means improving alternative energy methods, engineering a crop to be hardier, or making buildings more efficient and accessible, I deeply believe that the more I learn, the more I can give.

10 Interesting Facts About Mercury (Element)

10 Interesting Facts About Mercury (Element) Mercury is a shiny, silvery liquid metal, sometimes called quicksilver. It is a transition metal with atomic number 80 on the periodic table, atomic weight of 200.59, and  the element symbol Hg.  Here are some fast facts plus 10 interesting element facts about mercury. You can find even more detailed information on the mercury facts page. Fast Facts: The Element Mercury Element Name: MercuryElement Symbol: HgAtomic Number: 80Atomic Weight: 200.592Classification: Transition Metal or Post-Transition MetalState of Matter: LiquidName Origin: The symbol Hg comes from the name hydrargyrum, which means water-silver. The name mercury comes from the Roman god Mercury, known for his swiftness.Discovered By: Known before 2000 BCE in China and India Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure.  The only other liquid element under standard conditions is bromine (a halogen), although  the metals rubidium, cesium, and gallium melt just warmer than room temperature.  Mercury has a very high surface tension, so it forms rounded  beads of liquid.Although mercury and all of its compounds are  known to be highly toxic, it was considered therapeutic throughout much of history.The modern element symbol for mercury is Hg, which is the symbol for another name for mercury: hydrargyrum. Hydrargyrum comes from Greek words for water-silver (hydr- means water, argyros means silver).Mercury is a very rare element in the Earths crust. It accounts for only about only 0.08 parts per million (ppm).  It is mainly found in the mineral cinnabar, which is mercuric sulfide. Mercuric sulfide is the source  of the red pigment called vermilion.Mercury generally is not allowed on aircraft because it combines s o readily with aluminum, a metal that is common on aircraft. When mercury forms an amalgam with aluminum, the oxide layer that protects aluminum from oxidizing is disrupted. This causes aluminum to corrode, in much the same way as iron rusts. Mercury does not react with most acids.Mercury is a relatively poor conductor of heat. Most metals are excellent thermal conductors.  It is a mild electrical conductor. The freezing point  (-38.8 degrees Celsius) and boiling point (356 degrees Celsius) of mercury are closer together than for any other metals.Although mercury usually exhibits a 1 or 2 oxidation state, sometimes it has a 4 oxidation state.  The electron configuration causes mercury to behave somewhat like a noble gas. Like noble gases, mercury forms relatively weak chemical bonds with other elements. It forms amalgams with all the other metals, except for iron. This makes iron a good choice to make containers to hold and transport mercury.The element Mercury is named for the Roman god Mercury. Mercury is the only element to retain its alchemical name as its modern common name.  The element was known to ancient civilizations, dating back to at least 2000 BCE Vials of pure mercury have been found in Egyptian tomb s from the 1500s BCE. Mercury is used in fluorescent lamps, thermometers, float valves, dental amalgams, in medicine, for the production of other chemicals, and to make liquid mirrors. Mercury(II) fulminate is an explosive used as a primer in firearms. The disinfectant mercury compound thimerosal is an organomercury compound found in vaccines, tattoo inks, contact lens solutions, and cosmetics.   Sources Lide, D.R., editor. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 86th edition, CRC Press, 2005, pp.  4.125–4.126.Meija, J., et al. Atomic Weights of the Elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 88, no. 3, 2016, pp. 265–91.Weast, R.C., editor.  Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th edition, CRC Press, 1984, p.  E110.

The History and Origins of Candy

The History and Origins of Candy By definition, candy is a rich sweet confection made with sugar or other sweeteners and often flavored or combined with fruits or nuts. Dessert refers to any sweet dish, for example, candy, fruit, ice cream or pastry, served at the end of a meal. History The history of candy dates back to ancient peoples who must have snacked on sweet honey straight from beehives. The first candy confections were fruits and nuts rolled in honey.  Honey was used in Ancient China, Middle East, Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy.   The manufacturing of sugar began during the middle ages and at that time sugar was so expensive that only the rich could afford candy made from sugar. Cacao, from which chocolate is made, was re-discovered in 1519 by Spanish explorers in Mexico. Before the  Industrial Revolution, candy was often considered a form of medicine, either used to calm the digestive system or cool a sore throat. In the Middle Ages, candy appeared on the tables of only the most wealthy at first. At that time, it began as a combination of spices and sugar that was used as an aid to digestive problems. The price of manufacturing sugar was much lower by the 17th century when hard candy became popular. By the mid-1800s, there were more than 400 factories in the United States producing candy. The first candy came to America in the early 18th century from Britain and France. Only a few of the early colonists were proficient in sugar work and were able to provide the sugary treats for the very wealthy.  Rock candy, made from crystallized sugar, was the simplest form of candy, but even this basic form of sugar was considered a luxury and was only attainable by the rich. Industrial Revolution The candy business underwent major changes in the 1830s when technological advances and the availability of sugar opened up the market. The new market was not only for the enjoyment of the rich but also for the pleasure of the working class. There was also an increasing market for children. While some fine confectioners remained, the  candy store  became a staple of the child of the  American working class. Penny candy  became the first material good that children spent their own money on.   In 1847, the invention of the  candy press allowed manufacturers to produce multiple shapes and sizes of candy at once. In 1851, confectioners began to use a revolving steam pan to assist in boiling sugar. This transformation meant that the candy maker didnt have to continuously stir the boiling sugar. The heat from the surface of the pan was also much more evenly distributed and made it less likely the sugar would burn. These innovations made it possible for only one or two people to successfully run a candy business. History of Individual Types of Candy and Desserts Cake mix (commercial) was invented in 1949.Candy CanesCaramel Apple kits were designed by Kraft Foods sales representative, Dan Walker during the 1950s. The origin of Candy Apples is unknown.CheesecakeChocolateChocolate Chip CookiesCracker JackCupcakesFig Newton CookiesFortune Cookies were invented in America in 1918, by Charles Jung.Good and Plenty - On June 12, 1928, the Good and Plenty trademark was registered. Good and Plenty are the brightly colored, candy-coated, licorice candy.Graham CrackersGranola bars were invented by Stanley Mason.Gum - Bubble Gum, Chewing GumHOT ROCKS - On October 17, 1961, HOT ROCKS Candy was trademark registered.Gummie CandyIce CreamJelloLife Savers CandyLollipopsMarshmallows Marshmallow PeepsMoonpiesMMsThe Milky Way bar was invented in 1923 by Frank C. Mars.Popsicle

Psychological reaserch methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological reaserch methods - Essay Example For the purposes of this study, and determining the effect of attention on these elements, perception is defined as that which makes visual information available, and cognition is the uses of that visual information. This is significant in this study because of the questions related to when does perception cease and cognitive processing begin. Subjects were recruited from the New York City public school system, and all were tested with standardized methods to obtain an experimental group which demonstrated moderate reading disability. This was determined by using a selection criterion of scoring between 0.5 SD and 1.0 SD below national mean scores; one parameter of the study was to focus on mild-to-moderate reading disability (rather than severe) given the authors' perception that this group has been neglected in the area of therapeutic efficacy. Informed consent was obtained from both the parents and the children, and was approved by an independent review board. The methodology was to use a battery of standardized attention tests to determine the level of reading disability and, once the parameters had been set, to divide the qualified population into two groups; control and test subject. The control group received no therapy between the initial and final rounds of testing, and the experimental group received 12 one-hour weekly sessions of computer-based reading comprehension therapy. At the end of the 12 week study period, both groups were re-tested and the results compared. The analysis of the study was thorough, and utilized relevant literature and previous studies to provide scope and comment. While the authors recognize the need for further study in various areas, the results indicated that attention skills are measurable, attention therapy improves attention, and that the experimental group outscored the control group. The only additional elements that I might add to this research would be to expand it beyond its limited scope to include the evaluation of other attention deficit factors. The limitations to this study included a relatively small sample size, using an experimental methodology in a first-step study, and the inherent uncertainty related to attention studies generally. I think the researchers were thorough and appropriate, in their methodology, ethical in their application, correct in their analysis, and validated their hypothesis. The study itself was presented logically, clearly, and comports with the standard research reporting regimen of practitioners at this level. References Solan, H.A., Shelley-Tremblay, J., Ficarra, A., Silverman, M., & Larson, S. (2003).Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehen

How oil exploitation in Alberta affect local enviorment Essay

How oil exploitation in Alberta affect local enviorment - Essay Example Despite the benefits associated with the exploitation, the process has numerously adverse effects on the environment. To begin with, oil sand exploitation in the area affects the availability of water in the area. The whole process requires large volumes of water for the separation of sand and oil. Therefore, the whole process of extraction brings about a deficiency in water content in Alberta (Alvarez, 2013). The process of exploitation of oil in Alberta is associated with the introduction of harmful gases, as well as metals into the earth’s surface and atmosphere. Naturally occurring carbon dioxide and other harmful emission are exposed to the atmosphere during the exploitation. In addition, the exploitation process leads to the concentration of heavy metals such as nickel, mercury, copper and zinc, among many others in the area (Dusseault, 2002). Admittedly, the exploitation process is associated with deforestation. Normally, trees in the area are cleared before exploitation starts. In addition, the overburden top soil is removed from the area of exploitation so as to increase the accessibility of the oil sand. This whole process has a general effect of soil erosion in the area. The exploitation of oil in Alberta also affects aquatic life. Research revealed that there exist a relationship between deformity of fish embryos and their exposure to oil sands. Therefore, as much as the exploitation process takes root, the aquatic life in the area is exposed to the oil sands, thus affected (Dusseault, 2002). A research done in 2007 showed that wildlife and human beings had generally been affected by the exposure to the oil sands. For example, research done on moose revealed that the organisms had as much as 454 times the acceptable levels of arsenic in their body systems due to the exploitation process. Moreover, there have been great concerns about

Systems Analysis and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Systems Analysis and Design - Essay Example This is especially true in the current digital age, in which a lot of information and data are generated on a daily basis (Langer 22). A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart that was designed in 1917 by Henry Gantt, an American social scientist and engineer, as a production control tool (Clark and Walter 33). Gantt charts are a common feature in project management, providing graphical illustrations of schedules that facilitate planning, coordination, and tracking of particular tasks in projects. They can be simple forms designed on graph paper or more sophisticated forms developed using project management tools like Microsoft Project or Excel (Clark and Walter 36). It is normally developed with a horizontal axis representing the total time scope of a project, divided into increments (for instance, days, weeks, or months) and a vertical axis representing chores that form the project (for instance, if the project is enhancing a computer with new hardware, the major tasks involved might be: carry out research, select software, install the selected

The management approach of the Compstat model

The management approach of the Compstat model The police department of New York has integrated the Compstat model, which is a management approach that uses computer technology to follow up crime occurrences and help police officers identify the areas that are most vulnerable to criminal activities. At the same time, the model is useful in examining current crime patterns, and aims at maximizing resources available to the police officers in their fight against crime. According to Vito, Walsh, Kunselman (2004), Compstat (Computerized Statistics) is a goal orientated strategic management process that uses information technology, operational strategy, and managerial accountability to control crime and police neighborhoods, (p.1). There are four main principles of the Compstat model. The first one outlines the need for the police to obtain in good time, correct information on crime occurrences. In this case, police personnel perform crime analysis, that is, they identify the nature of the crime, the offender, the time of offense, and how the offender intends to carry it out. To achieve this, police personnel write reports on a weekly basis, giving statistical information on the arrests and summons they have made during the week, complaints they have received from the public concerning crime, crucial cases and the crime trends they have observed. The head of the Compstat Unit is in charge of receiving the weekly reports and saving them in a database. With the help of these reports, police officers can make comparisons between trends in crime and identify similarities as well as differences, and the most appropriate strategies to address these. The second element requires that the police employ workable strategies based on the intelligence they have, to prevent and solve crimes. In this instance, they identify which crimes and crime zones need quick intervention and make these their priority. At the same time, the police assess the available strategies in terms of their short and long-term effectiveness, as well as involve other groups, which are not necessarily police agencies. For instance, they involve religious, educational institutions, entrepreneurs, local government authorities and the community. The third element prescribes fast mobilization of material, financial and personnel resources to counter the crime patterns. This is because; the model can identify potential crime situations in an area, even before the residents alert the police on their suspicions. The fourth element demands progressive appraisal of police personnel, departments, and material resources in order to ensure that crime trends reduce. Performan ce appraisals are possible through reports that capture the profiles of each commander of police and these enable the other police officers to compare their own performance with that of their heads. With correct implementation, the Compstat approach can aid government authorities to assess police departments and check for the improper use of material and financial resources, as well as poor performance. The other two principles of the Compstat model require that the police operate on clear objectives in their fight against crime and each officer is responsible for the overall success of the police force in reducing crime rates. The members of the police force should be aware of the goals they intend to achieve and these must at the same time, be attainable within the stipulated period. Goals dictate the rating of the performance of police personnel, depending on whether they have achieved them. The chief as well as the commanders of various police agencies therefore have the responsibility of communicating clear and precise instructions to their subjects, in order to ensure that the latter achieve the desired performance. This explains why there is need for regular briefs among the police force in order to equip them with the necessary information on what their leaders expect of them. On a short-term basis, the Compstat model aims at reducing crime rates, while its long-term objective is to create a permanent change in the community and improve peoples lives by ensuring a safe environment. The measures to assess the effectiveness of the model on short-term basis would include examining weekly reports on the crimes occurring, in order to establish whether there are fewer or more offenses each day. Long-term effectiveness measures would involve the analysis of crime trends over a period such as a number of years, in order to establish whether the crime rates have gone down. At the same time, the weekly meetings to review crime reports provide forums to assess whether the police departments are making progress in reducing crime rates. These meetings on performance appraisal of police personnel serve both the immediate and long-term goals of the Compstat model. This is because if appraisals indicate that, some of the members of the force are not successful in reducing crime over a given period, the chief may take action such as re-training, retrenchment, or shifting to another department. The model is advantageous in that it promotes a consultative process in decision-making. It enhances intelligence sharing among the police officers and departments, accountability as well as coordination and a team spirit. This is possible through the meetings involving all levels of management. In addition, seeks to enable the police maximize the available resources in their fight against crime. Moreover, holding every member of the force accountable for its success in fighting crime ensures that each plays his or her role, and that there is no blame game when results are not forthcoming. In addition, ensuring timely and correct information on potential crime zones enables the police to act swiftly to prevent criminal activities. This is because; they are aware of what is happening on the ground. At the same time, they are able to develop the right strategies and response to the crime trends they have already identified. This increases their chances of success rather than in cases where they act after crisis. The Compstat approach to management promotes the belief that the police force is able to lower crime rates through employing the right strategies. Promoting continuous performance appraisal based on weekly reports enables the police force to establish its strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, it allows police to involve the community and other stakeholders in the fight against crime. This shows that the police are not working alone and are committed to ensuring a safe environment for all. On the other hand, the Compstat model has some disadvantages. One limitation of this model is that it is difficult to assess its success. When crime rates reduce, it is hard for police officers to attribute this phenomenon only to the model. On the other hand, when the crime rates stagnate or increase, it is difficult to tell whether failure lies only in the implementation of the models principles. Moreover, the Compstat model is susceptible to manipulation by police officers. For instance, due to pressure to reduce crime rates, they may fail to keep reports of crimes in order to give a false impression of less crime occurrences in a given area. At the same time, police officers may use their subjective judgments to declare some crimes as minor, and therefore of less significance, in order to reduce the statistics on the major crimes. This sort of manipulation of statistics will therefore give a false impression of progress in reduction of significant crimes. Similarly, communities whose crime rate reports show that the police have made progress in averting crimes, will receive less financial, material and personnel resources than those where the crime rates are still high. In case these reports are false, this implies that such communities will suffer more from crime because the police will attend to them less. In addition, since evaluation of the performance of police personnel depends largely on the crime rate reports, members of the force are likely to manipulate these, in order to give a false impression of their success in fighting crime. Consequently, the performance appraisals will be faulty, given that their bases are not accurate. At the same time, there is a possibility of awarding ineffective police personnel, rather than those who deserve merit. This is because the ineffective members can manipulate c rime reports to favor them, and they will get acknowledgment. As part of the implementation of the Compstat model, the chief of police will have to take other measures. These include having the current police force undergo refresher courses on crime prevention and at the same time, recruit, and train new officers in order to have sufficient and qualified personnel to serve the community. Police officers will also require training on the Compstat model in order to understand its functioning and crime analysis so that they are able to filter intelligence in an accurate manner. In this case, the chief will need to seek budgetary support from the government and non-governmental organizations. Apart from monetary aid, the chief will require the government to see to it that unemployment rates reduce through the creation of jobs. This is because crime rates tend to increase with high unemployment rates, as people have to find ways to feed themselves and their families. If they do not have jobs, they are likely to engage in criminal behavior such as th eft and murder in order to earn a living. Another intervention required will be the integration of other police departments, such as traffic police, crime detectives, and forensic experts into the crime prevention department. This will assist in spreading crime prevention to other areas and increase the scope of operation of the model. At the same time, the chief will need to appoint commanders at different levels in order to ensure that there is decentralization of the decision-making process. He will also create meeting rooms to allow for roundtable discussion sessions, as these are more likely to enhance the participation of all the police personnel in decisions concerning strategies to fight crime. Moreover, the chief will have to lay down the protocols that his officers will follow in the convening of briefings and other meetings as well as reporting procedures. This will ensure that there is no conflict in the lines of command because the police officers will be aware of to whom they should report. Since the Compstat model requires the use of technology, the chief will need to see to it that the police department has sufficient computer equipment as well as the necessary software programs such as systems to aid in identifying crime-prone areas, and databases to record crime occurrences. At the same time, a police website may be necessary to enhance community policing. This will enable the flow of information on crime rates from the public to the police, as well as reports from the latter to the community. In addition, the chief will need to ensure that the police officers clear any pending warrants of arrest and make the community aware that the force will not tolerate even the minor crimes. In this case, the chief will need to organize the force to carry out awareness initiatives among themselves and in the community. In conclusion, the chief can still adopt the Compstat model and modify it to suit the needs of his police department. He does not have to copy the model of the New York police department, because the situational needs of his department and that of the former are likely to be different. This is because the approach outlines only the basic principles of management that the police force and other organizations need to follow to achieve the intended objectives. Its intent is to serve as a guide to managerial principles and not to provide a dogmatic approach to the running of organizations. The model is therefore flexible, and police personnel can adopt different strategies to fight crime, based on the needs of the community they are serving. According to the models principles, they will only need to ensure that they choose strategies that are efficient for the crimes they target. Consequently, the model is suitable and can work even in small law enforcement agencies.

Pleasantville Essay -- TV Shows Pleasantville Essays

Pleasantville If you think about it, today’s world is not such what we call â€Å"user-friendly† place. Unemployment, severe diseases, global droughts and other dreadful natural disasters that are about to happen to our lives. Even better, the more time passes, the more chances you get to face them in the future. But what the heck, everyone will eventually face all of those problems one day. Danger, devotion, abomination, curiosity, and alterations are always present in our lives. You might think that Pleasantville is pleasant. Well do I have some news for you: nope. The name â€Å"Pleasantville† is just a simple irony that’s all. In Pleasantville, everyone is so empty in their minds. For instance, every character always did the same thing over and over. It’s like everything falls into the right way that it should be. The basketball players always score, the wives are always cooking and taking good care of the husbands and children. Husbands are working, children are little precious angels who never get in any kind of trouble. No worries, no problems, just plain good stability. There is no wrong for them because everything was in sync. It would be really tough to adjust to that kind environment where everything becomes dull and unbearable. No color, no fire, nothing exciting except the way Bud made every shot to the basket without even trying to. No changes what’s so ever. As soon as the characters saw changes, everything was getting completely different....